jajacat 嘉嘉●貓 哈哈●貓

(二)上述情形，根據NBA官方規則與官方判例彙編已有定論，

              與是否起跳無涉！

              判斷標準在於：
                         防守球員是否建立一般防守站位

                      且 防守球員是否有以手臂前推或下壓造成肢體碰撞

A.依NBA官方判例彙編第213則判例：

  1.爭議事實：

Player B1 is guarding Player A1
in a normal position with his arms
extended upward to prevent a shot.
In his attempt to shoot, Player A1
causes contact with Player B1's
arms which are still extended
upward.

球員B1在防守球員A1時，保持其一般位置，雙手垂直上舉阻止進攻球員投籃。

在企圖投籃的過程中，球員A1的行為造成與B1的肢體碰撞，

此時球員B1的手臂仍然保持上舉。

  2.爭議點：

(1) Is this a personal foul against Player B1?

(2) Is this a personal foul against Player A1?

上述情形中:

(1)是否為防守球員B1的個人犯規?

(2)是否為進攻球員A1的個人犯規?

  3.裁判結果：

(1) No. Player B1 has established a
legal guarding position. He must not
be allowed to move forward or lower
his arms thereby causing contact.

針對是否為防守球員B1的個人犯規?

答案是否定的:

因為防守球員B1已經建立合法的防守位置。

不過，防守球員B1絕對不可以

      向前伸出或下壓他的手臂造成與進攻球員的肢體接觸。

(2) Not necessarily. If in the opinion of
the official (as in any personal foul)
Player A1 has not placed Player B1 at
a disadvantage and the contact is
incidental, then the action is ignored. If,
however, the opposite prevails, an
offensive foul is called.

針對是否為進攻球員A1的個人犯規?

答案視情形不同而定(不一定要吹犯規):

假使在場的裁判認為，進攻球員A1

    並未造成防守球員B1有任何不利益的產生，且

    非故意製造與防守球員B1間的碰撞，

    裁判可以不響哨忽略球員A1的行為。

反之，如果進攻球員A1造成防守球員B1的不利益，

    此時裁判應給予一個進攻犯規。

    (關於進攻免責區讓進攻球員豁免撞人犯規之情形，有另一個判例，
     不在本文討論範圍)

  4.判例依據的NBA官方規則：COMMENTS ON THE RULES - A - 2

B.依據NBA官方規則 COMMENTS ON THE RULES 的部分中，

                  II - A - 2 Guarding an Opponent

關於防守他方球員之規定，

並未以球員起跳與否作為肢體碰撞產生時有無犯規的判斷標準,

且球員按其位置享有手臂上舉之垂直領域(vertical position)。

1.關於何謂合法的防守位置

In all guarding situations, a player is
entitled to any spot on the court he
desires, provided he legally gets to that
spot first and without contact with an
opponent. If a defensive or offensive
player has established a position on the
floor and his opponent initiates contact
that results in the dislodging of the
opponent, a foul should be called IMMEDIATELY.

2.關於防守球員的垂直領域

......A player is entitled to a vertical position
even to the extent of holding his arms
above his shoulders, as in post play or
when double-teaming in pressing tactics......